From wikipedia-
Wikipedia morphine articleHistory and abuse
Morphine was first isolated in 1804 by the German pharmacist Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner (or Barnard Courtois), who named it "morphium" after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. But it was not until the development of the hypodermic needle (1853) that its use spread. It was used for pain relief, and as a "cure" for opium and alcohol addiction. Its extensive use during the American Civil War allegedly resulted in over 400,000 sufferers from the "soldier's disease" of morphine addiction, although critics believe this to be a highly erroneous and misleading claim, pointing to the glaring lack of documented post-war cases[3].
Heroin (diacetylmorphine) was derived from morphine in 1874. As with other drugs, its possession without a prescription was criminalized in the U.S. by the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act of 1914.
Morphine is routinely carried by soldiers on operations in an autoinjector.
Morphine was the most commonly abused narcotic analgesic in the world up until heroin was synthesized and came into use. Even today, morphine is one of the most sought after prescription narcotics by heroin addicts when heroin is scarce.
In a randomised double-blind study with crossover at an outpatient clinic in Bern, Switzerland, morphine was proven to have stronger side-effects than heroin at equianalgesic doses. Respiratory depression, miosis, sedation, itchiness, and euphoria were more pronounced with morphine.
The word "morphine" is derived from Morpheus, the god of dreams and sleep in Greek mythology.